Are any of you using a nipple shield? Sorry if it has already been brought up (didn't look through all posts). My breasts are so full and engorged that she just couldn't latch and would get frustrated so my husband got me a nipple shield and it's been aaawesome. A little painful but it's getting the job done. She is fuller and sleeping longer now. It was a life saver with my other two children as well. I know they say to only use it when needed but honestly, I use it 80% of the time.
I am using a shield as well. Like you @bubbs119, I was feeling guilty about having to use one, but I've only had 2 successful feedings in 4 days without the shield, so if it's helping then I'm all for it. Hopefully when we get things figured out, the shield can go away completely. Good luck to you girls!!
My daughter seems to have her times mixed up. What can e do to change it? She has been asleep for almost 3 hours n we can't wake her up. She just stretches n grunts. But at night she won't stay asleep for more than 30 minutes.
Keep days noisy and bright, more going on, talk to them, take em outside to get daylight on the retina and a bit less swaddling and shushing, wake them more during the day to eat, like every 2-2.5 hours during day is your goal. At night keep the room darker, quieter, less eye contact and less engaging, swaddle more and you probably don't have to wake to feed if they've regained birthweight. If they conk out during the day no matter what you do, they obviously need to sleep, so don't make them sleep deprived or anything, but a bit more going on during the day usually helps to enforce days are more wake and nights are more sleep.
My LC gave me one to use in the hospital because my nipples were too flat for Cole to get a good latch. She never said anything about eventually stopping (or using only when needed.). Occasionally I try w/o and he has a hard time. It's not worth the frustration on my end.
Eta: I think I would have given up in nursing if I didn't have the shields (I've since gone out and bought 2 more so I can rotate them and keep one in the diaper bag)
I didn't even talk to the LC this time because I know it's worked for us in the past. I also know that they'd like a follow up apt to see how it's going and to get her off of it. I don't really remember why they didn't want me using it all the time.
Nipple shields are a useful tool for flat and inverted nips, and for occasional use for sore or beat up nipples, as well as when baby refuses to latch or comes to prefer a bottle nipple a shield can be a bridge. They are a bit of a pita after a while to always have to look for one to nurse, and most moms find they want to get off of them as soon as they can.
The problem with a shield is that for some babies the shield interferes with them being able to get sufficient milk. it may be because baby is not latching deeply enough onto the breast with the shield, the shallow latch keeps them from getting enough milk. The shield also may hide a poor latch--a bad latch without a shield, you'll get sore and damaged nips and will work to correct the latch or get help from an LC. With the shield as a layer of protection, you may not go get the help you need, or pull baby off due to pain from a poor latch to fix it, so they continue to nurse with a poor latch. AT first when you are engorged from milk coming in they may get enough milk whether they have a bad latch or not--esp if milk is basically pouring out of you lol- but as milk supply regulates, a baby with a poor latch may struggle to get enough milk. And the longer they go with a poor latch with the shield, the more ingrained it becomes and the harder it is to correct. They develop the muscle memory for a bad latch and it becomes harder to fix.
Using the shield for engorgement is sometimes recommended, but other things can be just as helpful--like reverse pressure softening (you push backwards toward the chest wall to push excess fluids back away from the areola so baby can latch), hand expressing or pumping off just a bit of milk to soften the areola so they can latch. A laid back nursing position also helps baby to get a deep latch when mom is extra full of milk.
I'm AmyG, I'm a breastfeeding nerd, I help new moms online with breastfeeding issues for the last 15 years. You can see some of my work on the May bmp breastfeeding thread. lol!
I will help if I can, but I won't be pushy to post here if you guys don't need or want the help. Just tag me if you need me.
Oh my lanta yes! And I want to kill him from time to time.
What are you ladies doing to help with spit up? Peanut has projectile spit up and I don't know what to do to stop it. Burping doesn't help, keeping him elevated doesn't help, I'm so lost as to what to do.
Some babies react to certain foods in mother's diet this way. Somewhere on the web there's a "top ten" list of irritating foods, and you can try eliminating them from your diet a few at a time.
Some babies react to certain foods in mother's diet this way. Somewhere on the web there's a "top ten" list of irritating foods, and you can try eliminating them from your diet a few at a time.
Thank you for this! I'll definitely be looking it up and possibly changing my diet.
Most babies actually don't react much to mom's diet, that's more of an old wives tale than we like to admit. Some foods can make baby a bit cranky like excess caffeine, but most are just normal baby gassiness or fussiness.
Of course they could have a milk soy protein intolerance and even that may be overdiagnosed in my opinion. An offensive food would often present with baby having green mucousy stool often with tinges of blood. Or Baby could have reflux which may need meds. Reflux can be made worse if mom is eating a lot of dairy products and so lowering that food in mom's diet may help baby to improve.
It's more likely to be that mom has a very high supply and baby is getting a ton of milk fast, and taking in a lot of air with gulping. Then the air bubbles come up and the milk comes up with the air bubbles due to the immature sphincter at the bottom of the esophagus that usually keeps food down. An oversupply with foremilk and hindmilk imbalance can also lead to a lot of spit up, as baby just spits up all the excess foremilk they take in.
If it's true projectile vomiting, then it needs to be evaluated by pediatrician as they may need intervention to prevent weight gain issues.
My daughter seems to have her times mixed up. What can e do to change it? She has been asleep for almost 3 hours n we can't wake her up. She just stretches n grunts. But at night she won't stay asleep for more than 30 minutes.
With DD we only swaddled during the day, kept her amongst the household noises etc. at night she got a warm bath, lavender lotion, swaddled and bottle/feeding. Basically we made daytime sleeping less desirable.
My house is super loud all the time, bedtime is the only quiet time. I've been up with her all night, I just want to cry. I'm so exhausted and my other two will be up in just a few hours. I don't want to give her a paci but at this point I just want to give in.
My daughter seems to have her times mixed up. What can e do to change it? She has been asleep for almost 3 hours n we can't wake her up. She just stretches n grunts. But at night she won't stay asleep for more than 30 minutes.
Keep days noisy and bright, more going on, talk to them, take em outside to get daylight on the retina and a bit less swaddling and shushing, wake them more during the day to eat, like every 2-2.5 hours during day is your goal. At night keep the room darker, quieter, less eye contact and less engaging, swaddle more and you probably don't have to wake to feed if they've regained birthweight. If they conk out during the day no matter what you do, they obviously need to sleep, so don't make them sleep deprived or anything, but a bit more going on during the day usually helps to enforce days are more wake and nights are more sleep.
Good suggestions. Also it's been helpful for me to try and accept that this is natural and it takes most babies a few weeks to turn things around. My baby will have a "good" night (sleep from like 7pm-10pm and then 3am-6am) followed by a totally restless, wanting to eat every hour night.
Last evening I cried before bed because DB had been asleep (just waking to eat) since like 2pm and I was SURE he'd be up all night long. Wouldn't you know it he had his best night yet. So impossible to predict!
My house is super loud all the time, bedtime is the only quiet time. I've been up with her all night, I just want to cry. I'm so exhausted and my other two will be up in just a few hours. I don't want to give her a paci but at this point I just want to give in.
Just saw this.. Don't know how you do it with other kids. I'm getting by by sleeping odd hours when baby is asleep.. Obviously you can't do that. Can you reach out for more help? Someone to be with other kids during time DB is asleep so you can sleep?
Oh my lanta yes! And I want to kill him from time to time.
What are you ladies doing to help with spit up? Peanut has projectile spit up and I don't know what to do to stop it. Burping doesn't help, keeping him elevated doesn't help, I'm so lost as to what to do.
I am bottle feeding/ formula feeding my LO ( breastfeeding didn't work out). I burp her everywhere one ounce and then keep her upright for at least 20-30 min. We have gone through so many sets of sheets and onesies hahaha. I didn't realize how much laundry has to be done- daily.
Keep days noisy and bright, more going on, talk to them, take em outside to get daylight on the retina and a bit less swaddling and shushing, wake them more during the day to eat, like every 2-2.5 hours during day is your goal. At night keep the room darker, quieter, less eye contact and less engaging, swaddle more and you probably don't have to wake to feed if they've regained birthweight. If they conk out during the day no matter what you do, they obviously need to sleep, so don't make them sleep deprived or anything, but a bit more going on during the day usually helps to enforce days are more wake and nights are more sleep.
Good suggestions. Also it's been helpful for me to try and accept that this is natural and it takes most babies a few weeks to turn things around. My baby will have a "good" night (sleep from like 7pm-10pm and then 3am-6am) followed by a totally restless, wanting to eat every hour night.
Last evening I cried before bed because DB had been asleep (just waking to eat) since like 2pm and I was SURE he'd be up all night long. Wouldn't you know it he had his best night yet. So impossible to predict!
We made the mistake of letting her sleep soundly from 6pm to 9pm last night. She was awake all night, coupled with a spit up/ vomit incident that had me changing the sheets. Last night was a loooonnngg one at our house.
My house is super loud all the time, bedtime is the only quiet time. I've been up with her all night, I just want to cry. I'm so exhausted and my other two will be up in just a few hours. I don't want to give her a paci but at this point I just want to give in.
Just saw this.. Don't know how you do it with other kids. I'm getting by by sleeping odd hours when baby is asleep.. Obviously you can't do that. Can you reach out for more help? Someone to be with other kids during time DB is asleep so you can sleep?
I've found myself dozing off quite a bit. I don't really have anyone to help. Everyone works so I try and sleep a little when my husband gets here after I've made dinner and such. Only way I got her to sleep last night/this morning was by letting her sleep with me in bed which is something that I don't want her to get used to but I just couldn't take it anymore. Oh motherhood.
Just saw this.. Don't know how you do it with other kids. I'm getting by by sleeping odd hours when baby is asleep.. Obviously you can't do that. Can you reach out for more help? Someone to be with other kids during time DB is asleep so you can sleep?
I've found myself dozing off quite a bit. I don't really have anyone to help. Everyone works so I try and sleep a little when my husband gets here after I've made dinner and such. Only way I got her to sleep last night/this morning was by letting her sleep with me in bed which is something that I don't want her to get used to but I just couldn't take it anymore. Oh motherhood.
Make a SAFE cosleeping location, google for all the hints. so if you do fall asleep it's in a safe place.
Then in that room, barricade the door, make the room totally child proof for the other two. put kid safe, not too messy, self serve snacks and water bottles/juice boxes in an ice chest, spread out a blankie on the floor for a picnic in front of the tv with some favorite shows on low and lay down on the bed with baby and if you fall asleep hopefully the pandemonium will be contained in one place. Do it for an hour or three every afternoon to try to save your sanity and feel more rested.
Oh my lanta yes! And I want to kill him from time to time.
What are you ladies doing to help with spit up? Peanut has projectile spit up and I don't know what to do to stop it. Burping doesn't help, keeping him elevated doesn't help, I'm so lost as to what to do.
I am bottle feeding/ formula feeding my LO ( breastfeeding didn't work out). I burp her everywhere one ounce and then keep her upright for at least 20-30 min. We have gone through so many sets of sheets and onesies hahaha. I didn't realize how much laundry has to be done- daily.
We are supplementing too since my milk hasn't come in and don't know that it even will at this point. Our girl gets he hiccups almost every feeding. The consultant said to pretty much do everything that you are doing. Sit her more upright, burp and change position frequently, and not to tip the bottle so that the formula flows too freely, keep it more level so that the baby has to work for it a bit more. She had projectile spit up yesterday evening when DH was feeding her (poor guy is petrified to feed her now because he thinks he did something wrong) and we noticed that it happens more with the larger nipples. Are you using the slow flow nipples?
I slept! I mother freakin slept! Finally! She was such a good baby for me last night, ate and slept for 2 hours at a time, yaaaay! Hoping for it to happen again tonight but not counting on it. My body was about ready to give up since it had been a week since I got more than an hour of sleep a night and 20 or so minute nap during the day.
I am bottle feeding/ formula feeding my LO ( breastfeeding didn't work out). I burp her everywhere one ounce and then keep her upright for at least 20-30 min. We have gone through so many sets of sheets and onesies hahaha. I didn't realize how much laundry has to be done- daily.
We are supplementing too since my milk hasn't come in and don't know that it even will at this point. Our girl gets he hiccups almost every feeding. The consultant said to pretty much do everything that you are doing. Sit her more upright, burp and change position frequently, and not to tip the bottle so that the formula flows too freely, keep it more level so that the baby has to work for it a bit more. She had projectile spit up yesterday evening when DH was feeding her (poor guy is petrified to feed her now because he thinks he did something wrong) and we noticed that it happens more with the larger nipples. Are you using the slow flow nipples?
Yes, slow flow nipples. I'm petrified of her spitting up while asleep, which she did, so I stay on alert for awhile after putting her to sleep. SO TIRED!
I am *this* close to making the move to exclusively pumping. I cannot get LO to stay awake during feedings no matter what I try. I'm concerned she is not getting enough and my supply is dropping. I have an appointment with an LC on Tuesday but I'm hanging on by a thread. I'm getting so frustrated and I feel like a failure which I realize is ridiculous as long as she's getting what she needs - pumped or straight from the breast or formula - but I can't help it. I never imagined something that's supposed to be so natural being so effing difficult.
You're not alone, I was thinking/feeling the same way.
I am *this* close to making the move to exclusively pumping. I cannot get LO to stay awake during feedings no matter what I try. I'm concerned she is not getting enough and my supply is dropping. I have an appointment with an LC on Tuesday but I'm hanging on by a thread. I'm getting so frustrated and I feel like a failure which I realize is ridiculous as long as she's getting what she needs - pumped or straight from the breast or formula - but I can't help it. I never imagined something that's supposed to be so natural being so effing difficult.
You're not alone, I was thinking/feeling the same way.
Breastfeeding is so much harder than I expected it to be with DD. We went to EP at about 10 weeks. I would never tell you not to EP, but it is also hard--it's almost double work because you have to pump and then feed your LO, and while you're pumping, you're sort of tied to the pump (though definitely get a hands free pumping bra or bustier) and can't do much else. Once I went back to work, it wasn't as big a deal since DD was bottle feeding at daycare anyway and I could shut my door and pump while I worked. But I did feel like I was living my life needing to be near electricity every 3 hours.
But you are right that the most important thing is that you feed your baby, however that happens. Don't beat yourself up that it isn't coming easily.
I am *this* close to making the move to exclusively pumping. I cannot get LO to stay awake during feedings no matter what I try. I'm concerned she is not getting enough and my supply is dropping. I have an appointment with an LC on Tuesday but I'm hanging on by a thread. I'm getting so frustrated and I feel like a failure which I realize is ridiculous as long as she's getting what she needs - pumped or straight from the breast or formula - but I can't help it. I never imagined something that's supposed to be so natural being so effing difficult.
Same here. I even tried a whole slew of wake up techniques (rubbing the bridge of his nose, siting him upright, undressing him, cold washcloth to the feet). He opened his eyes for flickers and rejected the breast in every position I tried. I need the cleaning equipment for my breast pump before I can use it (didn't think I'd have any reason to use it until August) and I have tons of formula samples, but don't know how to start supplementing. I'll probably call the LC at the hospital tomorrow.
I am *this* close to making the move to exclusively pumping. I cannot get LO to stay awake during feedings no matter what I try. I'm concerned she is not getting enough and my supply is dropping. I have an appointment with an LC on Tuesday but I'm hanging on by a thread. I'm getting so frustrated and I feel like a failure which I realize is ridiculous as long as she's getting what she needs - pumped or straight from the breast or formula - but I can't help it. I never imagined something that's supposed to be so natural being so effing difficult.
Exclusively pumping is a valid option, but it's best not to feel backed into it by worry or to choose it because you think it is going to be easier. It's not easier for most moms, cause while nursing may be stressful and worrisome right now and when baby nurses it may seem to take forever for them to be full
--with exclusive pumping you then just change that worry from one thing to something else
--you begin to worry about are you pumping often enough, long enough, how much oz you pump, is that enough or is it too much, is my pump working, oh my gosh where is the electrical plug or are my batteries charged and you plan your life around pumping and then feeding baby. Some find it to be twice the work and many give up on it because it is hard work to juggle it all with a newborn, and it may become harder when baby starts to move and you can't chase a baby while pumping very easily. Pumping tends to always take about 15-20 minutes every 2-3 hours, very few moms can drop lower than that and maintain supply, but nursing gets easier and easier.
Right now you are in the hardest part. Baby is what a week and a half ish old? And had jaundice which complicated that first week immensely. But it should get easier from here--there will be bumps in the road, 3 week growth spurt, 6 weeks growth spurt, and then it gets tons easier for most moms.
set a small goal. I will get thru today until tomorrow and reevaluate by daylight hours how it's going. And I will ask for help, and demand help because I'm worth it.
So count diapers. Over a week old you need to see 6-8 wet and or poopy diapers a day as your minimum. If things are going well you may see 10-12 diaper changes a day.
Push baby to wake up and eat, aiming for every 2-3 hours during the day and a 3-4 hour sleep at night (or that longer sleep may be during the day at first). Unswaddle, take off shirt, change diaper, tickle toes, sit up at the waist, cool washcloth on toes and back of neck, rub the bridge of the nose, hand baby off to dad and that will often wake them up too--dads don't smell like moms.
when nursing use a bit of breast compressions and massage to speed the flow of milk, helping them to get more milk and more hindmilk fats too. when they come off burp and offer side two. When they conk out, try to open their hand, if it stays balled into a fist they are just resting and probably not full. If fist relaxes and hands are open they are full.
Remember when born they have fairly weak muscles of the jaw, mouth and tongue. So they start to eat and the muscles get tired and then pause to rest the muscles and fall asleep, but they aren't necessarily done. So you need to be patient, be a bit of a cheerleader, wake up baby you need to eat. It will get better and it will get easier. You can do this, hang in there.
If you do give bottles, make sure amount is SMALL so it doesn't negatively effect the next feeding by making baby sleep thru the feeding by overfeeding. So we are talking 1.5-2 oz maybe. feed with a super slow flow bottle nipple, so when you hold it upside down no milk comes out. This makes baby work to get milk with the bottle, so they don't find the bottle too easy and come to prefer it, but also so the bottle feeding will help to still work out those little muscles so baby will get stronger at sucking and eating. Pause every 1/2 oz to burp and switch sides you hold baby on, to simulate nursing, and slow the bottle feeding down so that a whole bottle takes at least 20 minutes.
I am *this* close to making the move to exclusively pumping. I cannot get LO to stay awake during feedings no matter what I try. I'm concerned she is not getting enough and my supply is dropping. I have an appointment with an LC on Tuesday but I'm hanging on by a thread. I'm getting so frustrated and I feel like a failure which I realize is ridiculous as long as she's getting what she needs - pumped or straight from the breast or formula - but I can't help it. I never imagined something that's supposed to be so natural being so effing difficult.
Same here. I even tried a whole slew of wake up techniques (rubbing the bridge of his nose, siting him upright, undressing him, cold washcloth to the feet). He opened his eyes for flickers and rejected the breast in every position I tried. I need the cleaning equipment for my breast pump before I can use it (didn't think I'd have any reason to use it until August) and I have tons of formula samples, but don't know how to start supplementing. I'll probably call the LC at the hospital tomorrow.
Keep him nakey skin to skin with you for a bit and see if the skin to skin will increase his instinct to latch.
You can get videos for hand expressing milk, to collect your own milk to give him. You can probably collect enough to keep him going til he wakes up and eats. At only 4 days I would expect baby to still be a bit extra sleepy and your milk to not be in well yet.
All you need to do is heat a pot of water to boiling, and dunk the pump parts in to sterilize them before use. don't boil them long or you'll melt them.
H and I have been doing pretty well navigating this newborn thing together, but things started to fall apart a little bit today. I have been focusing more on trying to exclusively breastfeed (vs pumping or offering formula as we had to do for a short while for health concerns) in order to improve V's latching and feeding at the breast, which have both been much better. The problem is, H is feeling superfluous because when the baby fusses, he can't do anything to soothe him (he really only cries when he wants to be fed, rarely because he wants to be held). H snuggles him, changes diapers, and tries to be involved, but communicated a lot of frustration earlier in his inability to calm and quiet our baby because he's looking to eat and he can't help with that.
Anyone else in this boat and have any advice to offer?
I think this is really common, if that helps. Especially if you are working on BFing, it can be hard for partners to feel involved. But it is temporary. As BFing becomes easier and LO is awake and can engage more with his environment, there will be a lot more that DH can do. I think you're doing the right things with snuggling, diapers, and so on. He can also bring you LO when he wants to eat, can burp him after, can bring you drinks and snacks during marathon feedings, etc. And you can remind him that as LO gets older, there will definitely be stages where he will be all about Daddy and Mommy is chopped liver.
My DH feels the same. He actually got baby girl to settle down tonight and made the comment "maybe she does actually like me. I was beginning to think she didn't." It made me feel horrible for him.
My DH feels the same. He actually got baby girl to settle down tonight and made the comment "maybe she does actually like me. I was beginning to think she didn't." It made me feel horrible for him.
Yeah, V is in a mood where I can't put him down tonight, and H has tried a few times to take him for me, but he won't settle down with him (we're doing a lot of comfort nursing). So now, I still haven't been to bed and H is feeling discouraged and useless. It's a rough night in our house.
Put dh in charge of all diaper changes as well as bringing baby to you whenever they wake up and snacks and more water Anytime you feed.
When you are done nursing on both sides and need a break swaddle baby up super tight and then Hand to dad with a pacifier and go hide and get yourself a little bit of time without baby attached. If you are right there baby can smell you and sees that dad is not the mom.
The more dad tries the more babe will get used to the sights and sounds of dad. Just realize that in baby's underdeveloped brain they kinda feel like mom is a part of them like an extra arm and when mom is not attached they feel like a body part is missing. in a little while they will develop the ability to tell that you are indeed a different distinct person but for now you are baby's universe.
Attachment to dad will happen but it takes a little while. So put dad to work doing dishes and laundry so he feels useful lol.
So I had another latch pain/ cracked nipple episode last night. After texting with my mommy friend that has two under the age of 2.5 she suggested that I get a nipple shield for the most beat up nip. I went out and got one and LO seems to actually love it and my pain has been greatly reduced. Two concerns: it looks like her latch on the shield is crappy. What should her latch with a shield look like? Also... My nips need to toughen up in a bad way. Will using the shield prevent them from getting the toughness they need?
LO is actually a great baby on terms of sleep. She doesn't cry a lot either. My cracked, bleeding and sore nips have been the single hardest part. Help me, Mummas!
So I had another latch pain/ cracked nipple episode last night. After texting with my mommy friend that has two under the age of 2.5 she suggested that I get a nipple shield for the most beat up nip. I went out and got one and LO seems to actually love it and my pain has been greatly reduced. Two concerns: it looks like her latch on the shield is crappy. What should her latch with a shield look like? Also... My nips need to toughen up in a bad way. Will using the shield prevent them from getting the toughness they need?
LO is actually a great baby on terms of sleep. She doesn't cry a lot either. My cracked, bleeding and sore nips have been the single hardest part. Help me, Mummas!
when we first started and every once and a while it looks like a regular latch...now it is more a crappy one. they are wonderful for healing!
So I had another latch pain/ cracked nipple episode last night. After texting with my mommy friend that has two under the age of 2.5 she suggested that I get a nipple shield for the most beat up nip. I went out and got one and LO seems to actually love it and my pain has been greatly reduced. Two concerns: it looks like her latch on the shield is crappy. What should her latch with a shield look like? Also... My nips need to toughen up in a bad way. Will using the shield prevent them from getting the toughness they need?
LO is actually a great baby on terms of sleep. She doesn't cry a lot either. My cracked, bleeding and sore nips have been the single hardest part. Help me, Mummas!
Latch with shield should look like a good latch without the shield. Unfortunately cause it gives a layer of protection between you and baby's mouth they may latch badly and it doesn't hurt so you let them stay latched that way. then they become accustomed to latching that way which will carry back to when they latch without the shield. They may alsohave difficulty getting enough milk with the shield of the latch is bad.
Cracks are usually due to shallow latch so work on deeper latching with Laid back nursing, asymmetrical latch and positions where you can see baby's mouth a bit like football hold. To heal cracks soak in warm water which speeds circulation then alternate with cool compresses and Motrin for swelling.
So warm soak before nursing -nurse with deepest latch possible and use a different position with each latch so baby's mouth is on a diff side of the nipple. Then rub breastmilk into nip dry with hairdryer on low and you can put a dab of bacitracin in the crack and slather with nipple creme. Cool compresses after even if it means stick a small bag of peas in your bra.
If the warm soaks hurts too much right before nursing then switch and do cool right before nursing and the warm afterwards but the warm before nursing helps with let down so baby doesn't have to nurse so vigorously to get a let down.
Yes your nips may go back to being sore when you stop the shield. But if you get help to correct the bad latch they should just be sore but not tore up. So try to see an LC or LLL leader in person for help with latch
Then Comes Family, LLC is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising
program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com.